What is considered an extrinsic cause of cardiogenic shock?

Cardiac rupture is considered an extrinsic cause of cardiogenic shock as it directly impacts the heart’s ability to pump effectively. In this context, extrinsic causes relate to conditions or events that arise outside the heart, affecting its structure or function. A cardiac rupture typically involves a tear in the heart muscle or the ventricular wall, which not only reduces the heart’s pumping capacity but also leads to significant blood loss into the pericardial space, further compromising cardiac output.

The other options do not directly indicate specific events that result in immediate structural failure of the heart itself; rather, they may contribute to overall cardiovascular instability or shock but are not categorized as extrinsic mechanical failures of the heart. For instance, pneumonia can lead to hypoxia and may stress the cardiovascular system, but it’s not a structural compromise. Decompensated shock refers to a state of inadequate circulatory function but does not pinpoint a mechanical origin like cardiac rupture. Persistent hypotension is a symptom rather than a cause, indicating inadequate perfusion due to various underlying issues, including perhaps cardiogenic shock, but it does not specify an external failure mechanism akin to a cardiac rupture.