At what rate can intercostal muscles bleed?

The intercostal muscles can bleed at a rate of approximately 100 mL per minute in the event of a significant injury, such as a laceration or trauma that disrupts the vascular supply in that area. These muscles are supplied by intercostal arteries, which, when damaged, can lead to substantial hemorrhage. This estimation reflects the anatomical understanding of the vascular structure within the thoracic cavity and the real-world scenarios medics may encounter in trauma care. Recognizing the potential for such bleeding is crucial, as it informs the level of intervention needed, including the assessment and management of potential hypovolemic shock in a patient sustaining such injuries.